Convert any whole number from 1 to 3999 into Roman numerals, or convert a Roman numeral back into a regular number.
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Roman numerals use combinations of seven letters: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500) and M (1000). Symbols are normally added together in decreasing order (VI = 6), but a smaller symbol placed before a larger one is subtracted instead (IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40), a convention called subtractive notation.
Standard Roman numerals don't have a symbol for numbers 4000 and above without adding special notation (like a bar over a numeral to multiply it by 1000), so this calculator, like most standard implementations, supports the conventional range of 1 to 3999.
Converting 2026 to Roman numerals: 2026 = 1000 + 1000 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1, so the largest symbols are taken first (M for 1000, twice, giving MM), then X for 10 (twice, giving XX), then V for 5 and I for 1, giving MMXXVI. Converting MMXXVI back to a number reverses the process: M+M+X+X+V+I = 1000+1000+10+10+5+1 = 2026.
Writing repeated subtractive pairs instead of the correct larger symbol, like IIIIX instead of IX for 9, or VIIII instead of IX, standard Roman numerals never repeat a symbol more than three times in a row and use subtractive notation instead.
Trying to convert 0 or a number above 3999, standard Roman numerals have no symbol for zero and don't extend past 3999 without non-standard notation, this calculator is limited to the conventional 1-3999 range.
Misreading subtractive notation direction, a smaller symbol before a larger one subtracts (IV = 4), while a smaller symbol after a larger one adds (VI = 6), reversing this misreads the numeral entirely.
There isn't one, the standard Roman numeral system has no symbol for zero, it wasn't part of the original system.
IV uses subtractive notation (one less than V), which became the standard convention, though IIII does appear historically and is still sometimes used on clock faces.
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