Calculate a full set of descriptive statistics, including mean, median, mode, standard deviation and quartiles, from a list of numbers.
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This is a comprehensive descriptive statistics tool covering measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), spread (range, variance, standard deviation, interquartile range), and both population and sample versions of variance and standard deviation, alongside basic figures like sum, count, minimum and maximum.
Population statistics treat your data as the complete data set, dividing by the total count. Sample statistics treat your data as a sample drawn from a larger population, dividing by count minus one, which slightly increases the result to account for the extra uncertainty of estimating from a sample.
Quartiles split the sorted data into four equal parts: Q1 is the value below which 25% of the data falls, and Q3 is the value below which 75% falls. The interquartile range (IQR = Q3 − Q1) captures the spread of the middle 50% of the data and is less sensitive to outliers than the full range.
Use population statistics if your data represents the entire group you care about. Use sample statistics if your data is a subset used to estimate characteristics of a larger population, this is the more common case in research and surveys.
This calculator combines everything from both of those tools into one comprehensive result, and adds quartiles, IQR, sum, min and max, useful when you want a full statistical summary of a data set in a single place.
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